The boss and the machine- THE BOSS AND THE MACHINE, A CHRONICLE OF THE POLITICIANS AND PARTY ORGANIZATION-Samuel P. Orth

THE BOSS AND THE MACHINE,

A CHRONICLE OF THE POLITICIANS AND PARTY ORGANIZATION

The party system is an essential instrument of Democracy. Wherever government rests upon the popular will, there the

party is the organ of expression and the agency of the ultimate power. The party is, moreover, a forerunner of

Democracy, for parties have everywhere preceded free government. Long before Democracy as now understood was

anywhere established, long before the American colonies became the United States, England was divided between Tory

and Whig. And it was only after centuries of bitter political strife, during which a change of ministry would not infrequently

be accompanied by bloodshed or voluntary exile, that England finally emerged with a government deriving its powers

from the consent of the governed.

The functions of the party, both as a forerunner and as a necessary organ of Democracy, are well exemplified in

American experience. Before the Revolution, Tory and Whig were party names used in the colonies to designate in a

rough way two ideals of political doctrine. The Tories believed in the supremacy of the Executive, or the King; the Whigs

in the supremacy of Parliament. The Tories, by their rigorous and ruthless acts giving effect to the will of an un-English

King, soon drove the Whigs in the colonies to revolt, and by the time of the Stamp Act (1765) a well-knit party of colonial

patriots was organized through committees of correspondence and under the stimulus of local clubs called "Sons of

Liberty." Within a few years, these patriots became the Revolutionists, and the Tories became the Loyalists. As always

happens in a successful revolution, the party of opposition vanished, and when the peace of 1783 finally put the stamp of

reality upon the Declaration of 1776, the patriot party had won its cause and had served its day.

ISBN:  978-625-6699-11-3

13.5x21.5

Aralık 2023